Under what circumstances can schools disclose education records without consent?

Schools can disclose education records without consent primarily in situations that involve health and safety emergencies or compliance with legal obligations. This means that if there is an urgent situation where a student’s health or safety is at risk, or if there is a legal requirement such as a court order or subpoena, schools are allowed to share educational records to address these specific concerns.

This provision is critical to ensure that the interests of students are protected in emergencies and that schools can fulfill their legal responsibilities. For instance, if a student is in danger or poses a threat to themselves or others, timely access to their educational records can be necessary for making informed decisions. Additionally, when the law mandates the disclosure of records, it allows schools to operate within the legal framework while still adhering to FERPA guidelines.

The other options lack the defined circumstances under which disclosure is permitted, making them less appropriate.