Under what condition can college officials notify parents about their child's substance violations?

The correct choice reflects the provisions established under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and its exceptions regarding disclosures of student records. Specifically, when a student is under 21 years old, educational institutions are allowed to inform parents if the student has violated laws or regulations concerning the use or possession of alcohol or controlled substances. This is especially relevant in cases involving underage drinking or illegal drug usage, as these actions can have serious legal and health repercussions for the student.

The rationale for this provision lies in promoting the safety and welfare of students, as well as encouraging parental involvement in the context of substance abuse issues. Institutions exercise this authority to help ensure that students receive the necessary guidance or support related to their behavior. Thus, when a student violates underage drinking or drug laws, the institution is empowered to notify parents, which aligns with the intent to foster a supportive environment for student health and safety.