What type of exception allows schools to disclose records without consent?

Disclosing records without consent is permitted in specific circumstances under FERPA, and health and safety emergencies represent a significant exception. This provision allows schools to share personally identifiable information from student records when there is a perceived threat to the health or safety of a student or others in the school community. In situations where there is an urgent need to respond to an emergency, such as a medical crisis or violent incident, schools can act quickly to provide necessary information to ensure safety and support. This prioritization of health and safety reflects the law's intent to protect students and the school environment during critical times.

The other options do not provide valid grounds for disclosure without consent under FERPA. General public interest, while it may sound compelling, does not meet the legal criteria outlined in FERPA. Marketing and outreach initiatives obviously do not qualify as emergencies and are typically not urgent situations requiring immediate disclosure of private data. Financial concerns also do not serve as a justification; sharing financial information or records without consent is not allowed under FERPA, as the focus is primarily on student safety and well-being in emergency contexts.